機械加工的數控車床加工，就是泛指在數控機床上進行零件加工的工藝過程。數控機床是一種用計算機來控制的機床，用來控制機床的計算機，不管是專用計算機、還是通用計算機都統稱為數控系統。數控機床的運動和輔助動作均受控于數控系統發出的指令。 機械加(jia)工/數控銑床(chuang)加(jia)工
而數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)是由程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)員根(gen)據(ju)工(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)材質、加工(gong)要求、機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)特性和(he)(he)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)所規定的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)格式（數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)語言或(huo)符號）編制的(de)(de)(de)。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)根(gen)據(ju)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)向伺(si)服裝置和(he)(he)其(qi)它功(gong)能部(bu)件(jian)發出運行或(huo)終斷信息來控(kong)(kong)(kong)制機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)各種運動(dong)(dong)。當零件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)結束時，機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)便會自(zi)動(dong)(dong)停止。任何一種數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)，在其(qi)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)中若沒有(you)輸入程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)指(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)，數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)就不能工(gong)作。
機械加(jia)工(gong)的(de)機床的(de)受(shou)控動作大致包括機床的(de)起(qi)動、停止；主(zhu)軸(zhou)的(de)啟停、旋轉(zhuan)方(fang)向和轉(zhuan)速的(de)變換(huan)；進給運動的(de)方(fang)向、速度、方(fang)式；刀具(ju)的(de)選(xuan)擇、長度和半徑的(de)補償(chang)；刀具(ju)的(de)更換(huan)，冷卻(que)液的(de)開起(qi)、關閉等。
數控機(ji)床一開(kai)始就(jiu)選定(ding)具(ju)有(you)復雜(za)型面的(de)飛機(ji)零件作為加(jia)工對象，解決(jue)普(pu)通的(de)加(jia)工方(fang)法難以解決(jue)的(de)關鍵。數控加(jia)工的(de)最大特點是用穿孔帶（或磁帶）控制機(ji)床進行自動加(jia)工。
由(you)于飛機(ji)、火(huo)箭和發動(dong)機(ji)零件各有不同(tong)的特點(dian)：飛機(ji)和火(huo)箭的零、構(gou)件尺寸大、型面復(fu)雜；發動(dong)機(ji)零、構(gou)件尺寸小(xiao)、精度(du)高。
因此機(ji)械(xie)加工(gong)的(de)(de)飛(fei)機(ji)、火箭(jian)制造(zao)部門(men)和發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)制造(zao)部門(men)所選用(yong)的(de)(de)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)有(you)所不同。在飛(fei)機(ji)和火箭(jian)制造(zao)中(zhong)以采(cai)用(yong)連續(xu)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)大(da)型數(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)為主，而在發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)制造(zao)中(zhong)既采(cai)用(yong)連續(xu)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)，也(ye)采(cai)用(yong)點位控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)（如數(shu)控(kong)(kong)鉆床(chuang)(chuang)、數(shu)控(kong)(kong)鏜床(chuang)(chuang)、加工(gong)中(zhong)心等）。 機(ji)械(xie)加工(gong)/數(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)
