機械加工的數控車床加工，就是泛指在數控機床上進行零件加工的工藝過程。數控機床是一種用計算機來控制的機床，用來控制機床的計算機，不管是專用計算機、還是通用計算機都統稱為數控系統。數控機床的運動和輔助動作均受控于數控系統發出的指令。 機械加(jia)工/數控(kong)銑(xian)床加(jia)工
而數控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)指令(ling)(ling)是由程序員(yuan)根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)材質、加工(gong)(gong)要求、機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)特(te)性和(he)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)所規定的(de)(de)指令(ling)(ling)格式（數控(kong)(kong)(kong)語言或符號）編制(zhi)的(de)(de)。數控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)根據(ju)程序指令(ling)(ling)向伺服裝置和(he)其它功能部(bu)件發(fa)出運(yun)行或終斷信息來控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)運(yun)動(dong)。當零件的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)程序結束時(shi)，機(ji)床(chuang)便會(hui)自動(dong)停止。任(ren)何一(yi)種(zhong)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)，在其數控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中若沒有輸入程序指令(ling)(ling)，數控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)就不能工(gong)(gong)作。
機械加工的(de)(de)機床的(de)(de)受控動作大致包(bao)括機床的(de)(de)起動、停(ting)止；主軸的(de)(de)啟停(ting)、旋轉(zhuan)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)和轉(zhuan)速的(de)(de)變換；進給運動的(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)、速度(du)、方(fang)式；刀(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)選擇、長度(du)和半徑的(de)(de)補償(chang)；刀(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)更換，冷卻液的(de)(de)開起、關閉等。
數(shu)控機(ji)床一開(kai)始就(jiu)選定(ding)具有(you)復雜型面的飛(fei)機(ji)零件(jian)作(zuo)為加工對象(xiang)，解(jie)決(jue)普通的加工方法難以解(jie)決(jue)的關(guan)鍵。數(shu)控加工的最大特點是用穿孔帶（或磁(ci)帶）控制機(ji)床進(jin)行自動加工。
由(you)于飛機(ji)、火箭和發動機(ji)零件(jian)各有(you)不(bu)同的特點：飛機(ji)和火箭的零、構(gou)件(jian)尺(chi)寸(cun)大、型面復雜；發動機(ji)零、構(gou)件(jian)尺(chi)寸(cun)小、精(jing)度(du)高。
因此(ci)機械加(jia)工(gong)的(de)飛機、火箭(jian)制造(zao)(zao)部(bu)門和發動機制造(zao)(zao)部(bu)門所選用(yong)(yong)的(de)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)有所不同。在飛機和火箭(jian)制造(zao)(zao)中以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)連續控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)大(da)型數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)為主，而(er)在發動機制造(zao)(zao)中既采(cai)用(yong)(yong)連續控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)，也采(cai)用(yong)(yong)點位控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)（如數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)鉆床(chuang)、數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)鏜(tang)床(chuang)、加(jia)工(gong)中心等）。 機械加(jia)工(gong)/數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)加(jia)工(gong)
