機械加工的數控車床加工，就是泛指在數控機床上進行零件加工的工藝過程。數控機床是一種用計算機來控制的機床，用來控制機床的計算機，不管是專用計算機、還是通用計算機都統稱為數控系統。數控機床的運動和輔助動作均受控于數控系統發出的指令。 機械加工(gong)/數(shu)控銑床加工(gong)
而數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)指(zhi)令(ling)是由程(cheng)序(xu)員根(gen)據工(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)材質、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)要求、機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)特性和(he)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)所規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)指(zhi)令(ling)格式（數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)語言或符號）編(bian)制的(de)(de)。數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)根(gen)據程(cheng)序(xu)指(zhi)令(ling)向伺(si)服裝置和(he)其它功能部件(jian)發出運行或終斷信息來控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)各種(zhong)運動(dong)。當零件(jian)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)結束(shu)時，機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)便會自動(dong)停止(zhi)。任(ren)何(he)一種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)，在其數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中若(ruo)沒有輸入程(cheng)序(xu)指(zhi)令(ling)，數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)就不(bu)能工(gong)作。
機械加工的(de)(de)機床(chuang)的(de)(de)受(shou)控動(dong)作(zuo)大(da)致包括機床(chuang)的(de)(de)起(qi)動(dong)、停止；主(zhu)軸的(de)(de)啟(qi)停、旋轉方(fang)(fang)向和轉速(su)的(de)(de)變換；進給運動(dong)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向、速(su)度、方(fang)(fang)式；刀(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)、長度和半(ban)徑的(de)(de)補償(chang)；刀(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)更(geng)換，冷(leng)卻(que)液的(de)(de)開起(qi)、關閉等。
數控(kong)機(ji)床一開始就選(xuan)定具有復雜型面的(de)飛機(ji)零件(jian)作(zuo)為加(jia)(jia)工(gong)對(dui)象，解(jie)決普通(tong)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)方(fang)法難(nan)以解(jie)決的(de)關鍵。數控(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)的(de)最大特(te)點是用穿孔帶(dai)（或磁帶(dai)）控(kong)制機(ji)床進行自動加(jia)(jia)工(gong)。
由于飛機(ji)、火箭和發動機(ji)零件(jian)各有不同的特點：飛機(ji)和火箭的零、構(gou)件(jian)尺寸大(da)、型面復(fu)雜；發動機(ji)零、構(gou)件(jian)尺寸小、精度(du)高。
因此機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)、火(huo)箭制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)部門(men)(men)和發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)部門(men)(men)所選用(yong)的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床有所不同。在飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)和火(huo)箭制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)中(zhong)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)連續(xu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)大型數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑床為主，而在發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)中(zhong)既采(cai)用(yong)連續(xu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床，也采(cai)用(yong)點(dian)位(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床（如數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)鉆床、數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)鏜(tang)床、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心等）。 機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)/數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)銑床加(jia)工(gong)(gong)
