機械加工的數控車床加工，就是泛指在數控機床上進行零件加工的工藝過程。數控機床是一種用計算機來控制的機床，用來控制機床的計算機，不管是專用計算機、還是通用計算機都統稱為數控系統。數控機床的運動和輔助動作均受控于數控系統發出的指令。 機械加工/數(shu)控銑床加工
而數(shu)(shu)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)指(zhi)令是由程(cheng)序(xu)員(yuan)根(gen)據(ju)工(gong)件的(de)(de)材質(zhi)、加工(gong)要求、機床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)特性和系(xi)(xi)統(tong)所規定的(de)(de)指(zhi)令格(ge)式（數(shu)(shu)控(kong)語言或(huo)符號）編(bian)制(zhi)的(de)(de)。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)根(gen)據(ju)程(cheng)序(xu)指(zhi)令向伺(si)服裝置和其(qi)它功能部(bu)件發出運行或(huo)終(zhong)斷信息(xi)來控(kong)制(zhi)機床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)各種運動。當零(ling)件的(de)(de)加工(gong)程(cheng)序(xu)結束時，機床(chuang)(chuang)便會自(zi)動停(ting)止。任何一種數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)，在其(qi)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中若(ruo)沒有輸入程(cheng)序(xu)指(zhi)令，數(shu)(shu)控(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)就不能工(gong)作。
機械加工(gong)的(de)機床的(de)受(shou)控動作大致包括(kuo)機床的(de)起(qi)動、停止；主軸(zhou)的(de)啟停、旋(xuan)轉方(fang)向和轉速的(de)變換；進給(gei)運動的(de)方(fang)向、速度、方(fang)式；刀具(ju)的(de)選擇(ze)、長度和半徑(jing)的(de)補(bu)償；刀具(ju)的(de)更(geng)換，冷卻液的(de)開起(qi)、關閉等。
數控機(ji)床(chuang)一開始就選(xuan)定具有復雜(za)型面的飛(fei)機(ji)零件(jian)作(zuo)為(wei)加工(gong)對象，解(jie)決普通的加工(gong)方法難以解(jie)決的關鍵。數控加工(gong)的最(zui)大特點是(shi)用(yong)穿孔帶（或磁帶）控制機(ji)床(chuang)進行(xing)自動(dong)加工(gong)。
由于飛(fei)機、火(huo)箭(jian)和(he)發動(dong)機零件各有不同的特點：飛(fei)機和(he)火(huo)箭(jian)的零、構件尺寸大、型面復雜；發動(dong)機零、構件尺寸小、精度高。
因此機(ji)械加(jia)工的飛(fei)機(ji)、火(huo)箭(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)部門和發(fa)動機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)部門所選用的數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)有(you)所不(bu)同。在飛(fei)機(ji)和火(huo)箭(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)中(zhong)以采(cai)用連續(xu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的大(da)型(xing)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)為(wei)主，而(er)在發(fa)動機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)中(zhong)既采(cai)用連續(xu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)，也采(cai)用點位控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)（如數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)鉆(zhan)床(chuang)(chuang)、數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)鏜床(chuang)(chuang)、加(jia)工中(zhong)心等(deng)）。 機(ji)械加(jia)工/數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)工
